A person's vitality, strength and health gradually declines during middle age and then old age, and a person feels the need for care more than before. This period begins at the age of 40, and as we approach old age (over 65 years old), the need for companionship and care becomes more and more necessary. In this period of life, the issue of health and treatment is one of the principles that cannot be ignored for people.
Although a healthy lifestyle and continuous health care from childhood and youth and staying away from modern life with food and chemical drugs will definitely delay this process, but in any case, a person in old age needs spiritual, psychological and physical care (health and needs more treatment.
Surveys show that in many countries, upstream regulations and laws impose strict requirements on public institutions regarding service during retirement, because in this period the risk for insurance is calculated higher and the government must compensate the costs of these services through general taxation. slowSurveys show that in Iran, gradually increasing age and reaching the borders of middle age and old age, concerns about the increase of hardship in this period are intensified. A clear example is the level of receiving medical services through insurances in different periods of life. For example, until the age of 50 to 60 years, a person benefits from official government insurance due to his official payments or the company through supplementary insurances, he can receive more appropriate medical services, but things change when the retirement period begins. Most of the effective supplemental insurances refuse to provide services for paying a fair amount, and even in many cases, while the services should be increased in this period of people's lives, it finds a reverse trend. In the retirement period, many of the services of the employee period are either ignored or the amount of payment from the pocket of the retired person increases drastically.
Governments fill the gaps in insurance services
The experience of all societies has shown that people need more services during their old age, but in some countries, the situation has become such that it becomes more difficult to access services during this period. Although insurance laws in Iran are in line with many advanced countries and their insurance companies due to the risk assessment of insurance companies, but the official social services that should be provided by the government and institutions receiving public funds are incomplete and the laws need to be completed. And there are services in this field.
Surveys show that in many countries, upstream regulations and laws impose strict requirements on public institutions regarding service during retirement, because in this period the risk for insurance is calculated higher and the government must compensate the costs of these services through general taxation. slow
Insurance companies and the elderly
In advanced countries, the government considers it its duty to provide special social services through government and public institutions for people who have spent an important and useful part of their lives for a country.
In all countries, the age of people is considered an important component in the type of services provided by insurance companies. In general, the relationship between age and lifespan and the amount of payment in the type of service is highly effective. Insurers in most countries use age and even some health criteria to determine how much people pay and thus receive medical services.
For example, researches in European Union member states show that in the treatment of specific and expensive diseases for older people or for people who are at risk of developing this disease, one has to pay higher insurance costs. Despite all the hype, according to the Public Policy Institute (AARP), American adults between the ages of 50 and 64 are facing rising health care costs and declining access to health insurance, but there is extensive planning to provide services to older adults in these countries. .
In addition, although in advanced countries, people in the retirement period are not treated as before, but the point is that the government considers it its duty to provide special social services to people who have spent an important and useful part of their lives for a country. Government and public to prepare.
Surveys show that there is a huge difference in the level of providing social services to the elderly in countries.
Due to the importance of the issue of increasing aging in the population, developed countries take many organized measures in the field of providing services to the elderly, and in other words, they prioritize the needs of the elderly. In Iran, considering that in the near future the ratio of elderly people will increase significantly in the population, it seems that related institutions do not yet have a detailed plan to increase services for the elderly.
In order to use the experiences of other countries in this field, in the following section, examples of social measures that have been enacted by some developed governments to provide services to retired and elderly people and public institutions are obliged to do so have been stated.
Serving one million seniors in America daily
In this country, states, regional agencies, local service provider organizations, and organizations related to the provision of services to the elderly are the subsets of the Department of Aging. The Older Americans Act establishes an effective relationship between the federal government, state agencies on aging, and local service coordinators. Elderly centers are recognized as one of the most important tools to achieve the goal of the American Elderly Act. Now, about 11,000 elderly centers provide services to one million people daily.
Every year "National Institute of Senior Centers" updates and adjusts new standards for the future of senior centers. Also, "Medicare" is the federal medical insurance program to serve the elderly over 65 years old who have worked full-time for at least 10 years. In this way, an elderly person who is covered by Medicare may pay a small fee for special health care depending on various factors.
In addition, the government has envisioned assisted living, in which long-term health care is provided to people who need help with daily activities such as eating, bathing and dressing, managing medications, and more. More than 86 percent of assisted living residents pay for rent and services through personal resources and long-term care insurance or savings, as these are not covered by Medicare.
Also, in other programs such as nursing homes, comprehensive care program for the elderly, aging and disability program, behavioral and mental health, and legal assistance, services are provided to retirees. In addition to these issues regarding the place of residence of the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, the development and management program of supportive housing for the elderly plays an important role in creating cheap housing for them. The Ministry of Transportation is also following the program of increasing and facilitating transportation for elderly and disabled people through different methods.
Elderly care system for all in Sweden
Sweden's elderly care system is universal and all legal residents, regardless of income or previous employment, are offered care services to meet their needs. Elderly citizens of Sweden receive one of two types of assisted care at home or special institutional/residential care.
In Sweden, access to social care is assessed based on expressed needs by a care manager working in the local municipality's social welfare department. Municipalities, and increasingly the private sector, provide domestic help services such as cleaning, laundry, shopping, and social care. In addition, they provide special housing, medical services, personal safety alerts, home adaptations and transportation services, etc.
In general, a variety of housing models for the elderly have been devised in Sweden, which include living at home and receiving services at home, housing for the elderly over 55 years old, safe housing, nursing homes, specialized care.
The old-age pension system includes income-based pensions and pensions. Also, this structure includes basic protection for the elderly, including a guaranteed pension for a carefree life, a housing supplement for retirees, and support for the maintenance of the elderly.
Japan, the oldest country in the world
The distinguishing feature of Japan is the rapid change of the country's population towards old age. While in 1995, less than 15% of the citizens of this country were considered elderly, this figure will reach at least 30% of the country's population in a year or two.
The programs of the Japanese government in supporting the elderly in this country as the basis of medical care in this country pursue two goals: providing welfare policies for the elderly with an emphasis on medical care at home with the help of municipalities, and secondly, taking measures to reduce the number of hospitalizations of the elderly.
Private health services in Japan also have a large contribution in the field of maintaining and caring for the elderly in this country, and in this context, the government provides many direct assistances to provide optimal services to the elderly.
According to the rapid aging process of the Iranian society, in order to prevent problems in the future, a coherent planning and targeted and extensive national action is needed in the government, private and voluntary sectors in order to provide various facilities and services for the elderly.short speech Considering the importance of population aging, developed countries have taken organized and various actions in the field of providing services to the elderly, and in other words, they have prioritized attention to the needs of the elderly. But in Iran, despite the fact that in the near future the ratio of elderly people will increase significantly and the country will face a big challenge in this field, planning to provide services to the elderly has not been done to the required extent.
As a result, it seems that in order to solve these problems that will plague the country in the near future, there is a need for a coherent planning and targeted and extensive national action in the public, private and voluntary sectors in order to provide various facilities and services for the elderly so that this part of The community can live in the community with maximum comfort and benefit from the services they need.
Sources
https://www.insuranceeurope.eu/mediaitem/d1d1f071-9d28-4e5b-8984-f60c6ed28bcd/Why%20the%20use%20of%20age%20and%20disability%20matters%20to%20consumers%20and%20insurers.pdf
"A comparative study of elderly care services in Iran, the United States of America and Sweden"
Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences / 25th Volume / December and December 2019 / pp. 123-140
https://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-5444-fa.pdf
https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/310838/Voluntary-health-insurance-Europe-role-regulation.pdf
https://www.aarp.org/health/health-care-reform/info-02-2012/health-insurance-costs-for-older-adults-before-medicare.html
"Social policies for the elderly in Japan and Sweden"
Iranian aging yearbook, first year, second issue, winter 2005
https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=71958
Source https://www.globalcourant.com/why-should-there-be-a-national-program-to-serve-the-elderly/?feed_id=7277&_unique_id=62ee07efbc5bf
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